Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) occurs when a severe jolt or blow to the head leads to brain damage. It can also result when an object, such as a bullet or shrapnel, pierces the brain.
Treatment, Recovery, and Coping Skills
It's important to seek medical attention for any head injury, even if there are no immediately apparent symptoms. (Brain swelling may take hours or longer to manifest.)
Mild TBIs, which include concussions, are treated with rest and over-the-counter medication for headaches. The person can then gradually resume physical and mental tasks in accordance with a doctor's guidance, so as not to overwork the brain or prevent a full recovery.
Moderate and severe injuries are treated with a combination of medication, surgery, and rehabilitative therapies. Patients are first stabilized to prevent further injury, which may include controlling blood pressure and ensuring proper blood flow to the brain. Surgery may be necessary to repair a fracture in the skull, remove blood clots, or drain excess fluid from the brain. Medications may be prescribed to prevent blood clots (anticoagulants), stop seizures (anticonvulsants), or address anxiety and depression (antianxiety and antidepressant medications).
Patients may engage in a variety of therapies. Physical therapy can help one regain strength and movement, occupational therapy can restore the ability to carry out daily tasks, speech therapy can improve communication, and cognitive therapy can hone memory and concentration.
Explore More About Traumatic Brain Injury
For a comprehensive understanding of traumatic brain injury, read our complete guide: