Theory of mind is typically defined as the ability to understand the thoughts, beliefs, desires, and emotions of other people. This understanding allows individuals to predict how others will feel, act, and think in a given situation.
Development of Theory of Mind
Children begin to develop theory of mind between ages 3 and 5. Researchers have identified that children often progress through five milestones as they develop theory of mind abilities, although the sequence of them varies across different cultures.
Infants are not born with an understanding of what others think. The first step in developing theory of mind occurs around 6 months of age, when infants begin to gain the ability to detect faces and follow someone else’s gaze.
Another milestone in the development of theory of mind is imitation. As babies develop, they begin to imitate the actions of their parents or those around them. Examples include clapping, smiling, and games like peek-a-boo. Around age 1, babies will also start to recognize where others pay attention , such as when parents point to something and the child follows their finger to see what’s being pointed at.
The growth of theory of mind continues as children begin to play and speak. The interactions of play help children learn what to expect next from others. Speech, and stories, in particular, help children understand the inner desires and beliefs of protagonists and antagonists.
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