Polyvagal Theory, developed by Stephen Porges, provides a neuroscience framework that explains many aspects of harm reduction in terms of the nervous system's safety-detection mechanisms.
The Three States of Polyvagal Theory and Harm Reduction
Ventral vagal (safe and social): Optimal state for connection, learning, and harm reduction management
Sympathetic mobilization (fight or flight): Anxiety-type harm reduction responses
Dorsal vagal shutdown (freeze/collapse): Depression and dissociation-type harm reduction
Neuroception and Harm Reduction
Neuroception — the body's unconscious safety-detection — can be dysregulated in harm reduction, causing false alarms (sensing danger when safe) that drive harm reduction responses.
Polyvagal-Informed Harm Reduction Treatment
Therapy that acknowledges the body's state — helping clients move into ventral vagal 'safe and social' — transforms harm reduction management.
Safe relationships, co-regulation, and body-based practices are particularly emphasized.